What Is a Credit Freeze?

A credit freeze (also called a security freeze) restricts access to your credit report, making it nearly impossible for identity thieves to open new accounts in your name. When your credit is frozen, lenders cannot pull your credit report — so even if a criminal has your Social Security number and personal information, they typically cannot open new credit cards, loans, or other financial accounts using your identity.

Best of all: credit freezes are completely free and can be lifted temporarily whenever you need to apply for new credit.

Credit Freeze vs. Fraud Alert: What's the Difference?

Feature Credit Freeze Fraud Alert
Cost Free Free
Duration Permanent until lifted 1 year (7 years for victims)
Strength of protection Strong — blocks most new credit Moderate — lenders must verify identity
Applies to Must set at each bureau separately One bureau notifies the others
Affects existing accounts? No No

Where to Set Up Your Credit Freeze

You must freeze your credit at each of the three major credit bureaus separately. Here's where to go:

1. Equifax

  • Website: equifax.com/personal/credit-report-services/credit-freeze/
  • Phone: 1-800-349-9960
  • You'll create an account and receive a PIN or password to manage the freeze.

2. Experian

  • Website: experian.com/freeze/center.html
  • Phone: 1-888-397-3742
  • Freeze is managed through an online account.

3. TransUnion

  • Website: transunion.com/credit-freeze
  • Phone: 1-888-909-8872
  • Also managed via an online account or phone.

Consider Also Freezing at Smaller Bureaus

Some lenders use specialty reporting agencies. Consider also freezing at ChexSystems (for bank accounts) and NCTUE (used by some utility companies).

Step-by-Step: How to Freeze Your Credit Online

  1. Go to the credit bureau's freeze page (links above).
  2. Create an account or log in if you have one.
  3. Provide your personal information: name, address, Social Security number, date of birth.
  4. Verify your identity (you may be asked security questions).
  5. Submit the freeze request — it typically takes effect within one business day online, or within three business days if requested by mail.
  6. Save your PIN or account credentials — you'll need them to lift the freeze later.
  7. Repeat at all three bureaus.

How to Temporarily Lift a Freeze

When you need to apply for a mortgage, car loan, credit card, or any other product that requires a credit check:

  1. Log into your account at the relevant credit bureau(s).
  2. Select "Lift Freeze" or "Thaw Freeze."
  3. Choose a temporary lift (specify dates) or permanent lift.
  4. The lift typically takes effect within an hour online.
  5. Re-freeze after your application is complete.

Who Should Freeze Their Credit?

A credit freeze is recommended for:

  • Anyone whose personal data has been exposed in a data breach
  • Identity theft victims
  • Anyone not planning to apply for new credit in the near future
  • Children — parents can freeze a child's credit to prevent fraud before it starts
  • Anyone who wants maximum protection as a preventive measure

If you actively apply for credit frequently, a fraud alert may be a more convenient option. But for most people, a freeze is the gold standard of protection.